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Review of Unsung Patriot
By Frank Praytor, Pacific Stars & Stripes, "52 - '54
Do you know who originated, fought for, wrote and edited the "Soldiers' Newspaper" of World War I fame?
How about an Army second-lieutenat in his 40s with more guts than a slaughter house, patience matching Job's and perserverance exceeding that of WD-40 inventors?
And how about a tongue-boggling Polish name like Viskniskki? That's Visk-nisk-ki.
I didn't know beans about the WWI origins of Stripes until I read a book, Unsung Patriot, sent to me by Sue Mayo, archivist, librarian and wife of Jim, the primary founder of the Stars and Stripes Museum/Library in Bloomfield, MO. It was written by a talented writer and lawyer, Virginia G. Vassallo, granddaughter of the WWI Stripes founder, Guy T. Viskniskki (1876 - 1949). She delves into the life of Viskniskki, whom she never met, with an abundance of detail, but with a style that makes it a page-tuner for anyone interested in Stripes history. She draws her story from myriad official documents, writings and letter exchanges her grandfather left in his wake.
At 13, Guy Viskniskki was a printer's devil, at 16 a reporter responsible for writing and putting together a weekly newspaper for its sight-deficient publlisher who happened to be one of the "Bloomfield Ten" originators of the first Stars and Stripes in Missouri. He followed his father, a Civil War veteran, into the Army in early 1898 (Spanish-American War); rose to corporal, then sergeant; got on friendship terms with Col. Teddy Roosevelt and was a civilian again two days before Christmas that same year.
As a youth in Carmi, IL, Guy Viskniskki was in conversational range of not only his employer, but also of another "Bloomfield Ten" member, John Schell. His uncle had been a member of the military force occupying Bloomfield at the time the orginal Stars and Stripes was published.
When the U.S. was drawn into WWI, Viskniskki, out of a sense of patriotism, volunteered for front-line duty. He was a junior-grade commissioned officer by then. Rather than heading for the trenches, he was assigned to the censor section where, in his own words, he played "nursemaid" to civilian correspondents covering the war. Ms. Vassallo published her grandfather's memos pointing out that morale was deteriorating rapidly among American forces. He proposed a newspaper for the troops containing news, features and comics, devoid of overt propaganda, as a medium for improving attitudes. He even worked out financing entailing paid advertising and a charge for every copy sold. Profits, if any, were to be redistributed back to troop units. He exploited an indirect line to the ear of General John Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force, through a major on staff. Pershing reviewed Viskniskki's thought-out , well-articulate proposal and authorized implementation.
The agonizing task began. Ms. Vassallo takes the reader through all the difficulties, mechanical and human, Viskniskki encountered getting his paper up and running, then had to fend off those who sought control of it. For latter-day alumni, much of the story has a distincly familiar ring in the context of people trying to influence, squelch and censor the paper's mission of delivering news and unslanted information to American forces overseas.
She leaves to her readers the really big question to answer: Was the title given it by Guy Viskniskki inspired by the accounts he heard from the mouths of the "Bloomfield Ten," several of whom lived in his hometown of Carmi and nearby Fairfield, I, and one for whom he worked? She points to the "many threads connecting Guy to that first Stars and Stripes published in Bloomfield, Missouri, during the Civil War." She doesn't discount the possiblity that the idea for the title did spring from his memory and he avoided referring to the Bloomfield paper because he enjoyed the impression that he originated the title himself. None of Viskniskki's memoirs, and there are many, ever referred to the first Stars and Stripes, or acknowledged its existence. But he obviously heard about it. He did note, sardonically, that Pershing publicly took personal credit for the creation of his creation. Try convincing Jim Mayo that the kid never heard the S&S title mentioned while he was growing up and working within earshot of those Bloomfield veterans.
Unsung Patriot is one excellent read. Until you read it, you don't really know the story of how the newspaper was reborn in WWI, or about the man who started it and made it work.
Stripes has published continuously since 1942, when it again was brought back to serve American forces in World War II. It is confined to offshore distribution by, some say, political influence and pressure from national newspaper publishing interests that don't want the Soldiers' Newspaper competing with theirs at the local PX.
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